7.Sensation: Contact with pleasant objects gives rise to happiness while contact with unpleasant objects gives rise to suffering. On the other hand, neutral feelings arise due to the contact with objects that gives rise to neither happiness nor suffering.

8.Craving: The desire to grasp onto certain phenomena to one's liking such as wealth, love, one's life or fame causes craving. Craving is the cause of birth and death, desire then evolves into clinging, which, under the presence of conditions, put into action and then turns into existence; then manifests the process of birth, old age and death.

9.Clinging: Clinging is the grasping of all phe-nomena with the self as the center. The insistence of clinging and pursuit of such causes the Three Kinds of Existence to arise. There are four kinds of cling-ing: clinging to desire, views, morals, and ideas aris-ing from the conception of the self.