提 要
語出自《老子.五十八章》的「禍兮福之所倚,福兮禍之所伏」,意思是說禍與福互相依存,可以互相轉化。禍是造成福的前提,而福又含有禍的因素。也就是說,可以互相轉化的好事和壞事,在某種條件下,福會變成禍,禍也能變成福。
In the movie of “Charlie Wilson’s War,” a CIA officer(played by the pitch-perfect Philip Seymour Hoffman)cautions the Wilson character(played by Tom Hanks)not to be too sure they have done something glorious. To make the point, he tells the story of a Zen master:
On his sixteenth birthday the boy gets a horse as a present. All of the people in the village say, “Oh, how wonderful!”
The Zen master says, “We’ll see.”
One day, the boy is riding and gets thrown off the horse and hurts his leg. He’s no longer able to walk, so all of the villagers say, “How terrible!”
The Zen master says, “We’ll see.”
Some time passes and the village goes to war. All of the other young men get sent off to fight, but this boy can’t fight because his leg is messed up. All of the villagers say, “How wonderful!”
The Zen master says, “We’ll see.”
The message behind this story is pretty clear. We’re very quick to jump to conclusions about whether something is “good” or “bad.” The reality is that most things really aren’t either. They just are.
解 說
在改編傳記電影《Charlie Wilson's War》(蓋世奇才)片中,敘述美國眾議員查理.威爾森爭取預算,幫助阿富汗抵抗蘇聯紅軍的真實故事。一位CIA官員(已故演員菲利普.西摩霍夫曼飾演)警告(湯姆.漢克斯扮演的)威爾森,不要「那麼篤定」他們的所作所為是「光榮事績」,為了說明這一點,他講述了禪師的故事。
(直接翻譯英文,是一個十六歲小男主角得了一匹馬作為生日禮物……但這其實就是人人熟知的「塞翁失馬,焉知非福」的寓言故事):
出自於《淮南子.人間訓》的故事中說,靠近中國北方邊塞,住著一位老翁。老翁善於算卜,也是精通禪理的大師。有一次,老翁家裡的一匹馬,無緣無故脫韁,跑到胡人居住的地方去了。鄰居都來安慰他,但是他平靜的說:「這件事難道不是福嗎?」幾個月後,那匹丟失的馬突然又跑回家,還領著一匹胡人的駿馬一起回來。鄰居們得知,都到他家表示祝賀。老翁卻無動於衷,坦然的說:「這樣,難道不是禍嗎?」
老翁的兒子喜歡騎術。有一天,他兒子騎著胡人的馬到野外練習,烈馬脫韁,把他兒子重重地甩下、摔斷了大腿,成了終身殘疾。鄰居們聽說後,又紛紛前來慰問。老翁不動聲色,淡然說道:「這件事難道不是福嗎?」過了一年,胡人侵犯邊境,大舉入塞。靠近邊塞的精壯男子都被徵召入伍,幾乎都在戰爭中喪生。惟獨老翁的兒子因跛腳殘疾,沒有去打仗,因而得以保全性命,安度殘年餘生。
日常生活當中,有許多人經常以自己的得失的角度來衡量事情的好與壞,有些人每天都為芝麻小事而樂而憂。然而,由於人們看到的只是表象,有許多事其實無法馬上判定禍福。得到未必是福,失去也不一定是禍;福可能轉化為禍,禍也可變化成福,這種變化深不可測,誰也難料。