4.Renouncing worldly life to become a monk: At the age of nineteen, having experienced impermanence, the weak being the prey to the strong, and injustice in the human world, he left his city on a horse and became a monk.

4.出家︰十九歲的時候，因感世間無常，弱肉強食，人間到處充滿不平等的現象，於是毅然騎馬踰城出家。



5.Subjugating mara: When the Buddha was cultivating, the maras of greed, hatred and afflictions arose in his mind; at the same time, he was disturbed by the evil temptations from the physical world. Nevertheless, he was able to conquer the obstacles created by demonic armies, and remain unaffected by the seductions of Mara’s daughters. It requires great courage, wisdom and fearlessness to subdue demons.

5.降魔︰在修道的時候，內心有貪瞋煩惱的魔，外境有聲色貨利的魔。征服魔軍的障礙，不為魔女所誘惑，這需要大雄、大智、大無畏的降魔精神。



6.Enlightenment: After subduing mara, on December 8th, seated on a diamond throne underneath the Bodhi tree, the Buddha gazed upon the stars, and finally attained enlightenment.

6.成道︰降魔以後，終於在十二月八日，於菩提樹下金剛座上，夜睹明星而成正覺。



7.Turning of the Dharma wheel: After the Buddha attained enlightenment, he taught the Dharma for 49 years and delivered more than 300 talks which were later recorded as sutras. He spread the truth across the world so that the Dharma wheel would be turning eternally in the world.

7.轉法輪︰佛陀成道後，說法四十九年，談經三百餘會，把真理弘遍人間，使法輪常轉於世。

【Key Words】



Subjugating mara：降魔

Turning of the Dharma wheel：轉法輪