(Cont....)

3)Nirvana is the Ultimate Peace 涅槃寂靜

Nirvana is the "Truth of the Cessation of Suffer-ing" from the Four Noble Truths. It is a state where all greed, hatred and ignorance are severed; all de-filements, suffering, and inter-personal conflicts i-cated; and a state of ultimate peace and cessation, undefiled mind, one that is filled with joy, light and edom. In other words, it is a state of emancipation where the body no longer commits evil, the mind no longer thinks evil, where the body and mind are both in absolute tranquility.

In life, we are often trapped in the mundane tur-moil, greed（貪）, hatred（瞋）, ignorance（痴）, and defilements just as the prisoners are con-strained by shackles and cannot move freely. Once these shackles are removed, one will be liberated, and thus attain nirvana. Therefore, nirvana in Bud-dhism does not mean death but the most perfect state of being.

All phenomena are impermanent, no phe-nomenon has a self, and nirvana is the ultimate peace. These three Dharma seals are the basis with which we prove a Dharma to be true, or distinguish it from those Dharmas. Early Buddhism teaches these three seals as the fundamental concept of de-pendent origination, and is thus the earliest basic Buddhist teachings. A thorough understanding of the Three Dharma Seals will mean a irst grasp of the fundamental Buddhist teachings.