Turkey Campus Headscarf Dispute 土耳其校園頭巾爭議

黃裕美/輯 |2008.03.16
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Turkey has lifted a ban on students wearing Muslim headscarves but covered women are still marching on u-niversity gates demanding to be let in.

土耳其已經撤消學生戴穆斯林頭巾的禁令,但包覆頭巾的婦女仍在大學校門口遊行示威,要求進入校園。

At Istanbul's Marmara University, a few hundred stu-dents in brightly coloured silky headscarves, trade union members and a handful of schoolgirls protested against u-niversity rectors who refused to let covered students into class. Some headscarfed protesters twice marched to-wards the entrance, where security guards blocked their path. They pledged to challenge the rectors in court. The (rectors) want to go against the government but as a result they're going against all the students.

在伊斯坦堡馬爾馬拉大學,好幾百名頭戴顏色鮮艷絲質頭巾的學生、商會會員和少數女學生抗議大學校長拒不讓包頭巾的學生進入教室。有些戴頭巾的抗議學生曾兩度到校門口遊行,但被安全警衛擋駕。他們誓言和校長到法院對簿公堂。這些校長雖然有心和政府對抗,結果卻演變成和學生對立。

Parliament, dominated by the religious-leaning AK Party, passed a constitutional amendment earlier February to allow university students to wear the controversial headscarf. President Abdullah Gul signed it into law Feb. 15. The staunchly secular main opposition party CHP challenged the reform in court on Feb. 20.

國會在伊斯蘭教色彩濃厚的「正義發展黨」主導下,二月初通過憲法修正案,准許大學生戴有爭議的頭巾。土耳其總統古爾也在2月15日簽署法案。但強烈主張政教分離的最大反對黨「共和人民黨」2月20日上法院挑戰這項改革。

The AK Party has been trying to lift the ban since it first came to power in 2002, but has faced resistance from the secularists, who say allowing headscarves in universi-ties is the first step on the road to an Islamic state and fear all women will one day be forced to cover up. The ban -- which opponents say has stopped thousands of wom-en studying -- dates back to the late 1980s, but was only strictly enforced after the army generals, with broad pub-lic support, ousted a government it viewed as too Islamist in 1997. Some women have spent their university careers in a wig to avoid showing their hair, with the more dar-ing students balancing wigs on top of their headscarves. "Every day when I put on my wig I feel miserable," said 21-year-old student Zehra Eren, who plans to study for an MBA outside Turkey. "I can be free in the U.S. or England."

正義發展黨自2002年掌權以來一直試圖取消禁令,但一直面對政教分離主義者頑抗,他們認為,讓頭巾進入大學是邁向伊斯蘭國家的第一步,他們尤其擔心,有朝一日所有婦女都要被迫包覆頭巾。禁戴頭巾的禁令是在1980年底通過,但直到1997年軍方將領在廣大民意支持下推翻伊斯蘭色彩濃厚的政府才開始嚴格執法。據反對派指稱,這項禁令使成千上萬名婦女無法上學。有些女生在大學時代為了避免秀出頭髮,只好戴假髮,另外有更多大膽的學生乾脆在頭巾上面戴假髮。「每天當我戴假髮去上學時,就感到自己很可悲,」21歲的學生芝拉.伊倫說,她打算出國,離開土耳其主修企管碩士。「我在美國和英國會很自由。」

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