Stuck in a traffic jam in his bulletproof BMW, the richest man in Turkey lets loose with a satisfied grin. Since 2000, Husnu M. Ozyegin has spent more than $50 million of his own money, building 36 primary schools and girls' dormitories in the poorest parts of Turkey. Next to the Turkish government, Mr. Ozyegin is the biggest individual supporter of schools in the country — and an official from the education ministry has told him that his market share is increasing.
交通打結，土耳其首富的寶馬防彈轎車塞在車陣裡，他露出滿意笑容。自從公元2000年，歐齊金已經自掏腰包，砸下5,000萬美元，在土國最貧窮的地區建造36所小學和女生宿舍。僅次於土耳其政府，歐齊金是土國最大個人學校贊助人，教育部一位官員告訴他，他的市占率還在增加。
"Not bad," he says as he pockets his mobile phone. "If I can have an impact on one million Turkish people in the next 10 years, I will be happy."
「不錯啊！如果未來10年，我可以影響一百萬土耳其人，我就心滿意足了。」他邊說邊將手機放到口袋裡。
The global wealth boom has created a new breed of billionaire in once-desti-tute countries like Turkey, India, Mexi-co and Russia. Propelled by their rising economies, robust currencies and glob-ally competitive companies, they have ridden a surge in local stock markets that have reached previously untouchable heights in a short five-year timeframe. Now, a number of them are using their wealth to bolster their standing and push for social changes.
全球財富暴增，過去比較貧困的國家像土耳其、印度、墨西哥和俄羅斯，一種新型態億萬富豪應運而生。在經濟崛起、強勢貨幣和具有全球競爭力的企業推動下，他們在當地的股市市值暴漲，短短5年內，他們已登上過去高不可攀的顛峰。現在，其中不少富豪正利用他們的財富拉抬他們的地位並推動社會改革。
These entrepreneurs, who have made their billions in private sector industries like telecommunications, petrochemicals and finance, are distinct from a past generation of international billionaires, most with ties to Middle Eastern oil or valuable land holdings. Not only have they become the richest men in their countries; they are among the wealthiest in the world.
這些大企業家是從民營企業像電信、石化和金融理財賺進數以億計的財富，和過去那個世代的跨國億萬富豪截然不同，過去多半是靠中東石油關係或擁有地王致富。他們不只在國內是首富，在全世界也是最富有的人。
For these emerging economies, where loose regulation, opaque privatization processes and monopolistic business practices abound, this extraordinary and uneven creation of wealth rivals in many ways the great American fortunes made at the turn of the 20th century.
這些新興經濟體法規鬆散，私有化過程不透明，加上獨占企業措施層出不窮，這種以非常手段不公平創造財富的手法，在很多方面足與20世紀初美國人創造的巨額財富媲美。
While such countries have long been accustomed to vast disparities between a tiny class of the wealthy elite and the impoverished masses, the new elite shares some characteristics with coun-terparts in the United States. And just as Rockefellers, Carnegies and Morgans once used philanthropy to smooth the rough edges of their cutthroat business reputations — as have a current genera-tion of wealthy Americans that includes Bill Gates of Microsoft and Sanford I. Weill of Citigroup — local billionaires in emerging markets are trying to do the same.
這些國家對一小撮巨富精英階層和廣大貧苦大眾之間的巨大落差和不平等早已習以為常。這些新的社會精英和美國富豪有些共同點。一如洛克斐勒、卡內基和摩根一度靠行善弭平企業割喉競爭下惡名昭彰、未臻完善之處，目前美國這一代富豪，包括微軟的蓋茲和花旗集團的威爾亦復如此，這些新興市場的富豪也想見賢思齊。
Carlos Slim Helu, the telecommuni-cations entrepreneur in Mexico who is worth more than $50 billion, has pledged billions of dollars to his two foundations that will aid health and ed-ucation. Roman Abramovich, Russia’s richest man, who has a net worth of $18 billion, has channeled more than $1 bil-lion into the impoverished Arctic area of Chukotka, where he also serves as gov-ernor, building schools and hospitals. And in India, Azim Premji, the chair-man of the software company Wipro who is worth $17 billion, has established his own foundation that supports ele-mentary education.
墨西哥電信巨頭赫魯身價超過500億美元，他承諾投入數十億美元到名下兩個基金會以協助健康照護和教育。俄羅斯首富阿布拉莫維奇財產淨值也有180億美元，他也已輸送10億美元以上到北極貧窮的楚科奇地區去興學和建醫院，因為他身兼楚科奇省省長。印度軟體巨擘Wipro董事長普萊姆基身價也有170億美元，他也成立基金會贊助小學教育。
To be sure, the sums donated are rel-atively small in light of the pressing so-cial needs of these countries. But as re-turn-driven philanthropy has gained in popularity through the efforts of Mr. Gates and others, emerging market bil-lionaires are applying similar bot-tom-line oriented lessons to their own countries.
證諸這些國家迫切需要的社會基金，他們捐的錢固然相對較少，但透過蓋茲等富豪，當要求回饋的善行贏得民心，新興市場這些大亨也把同樣盈虧底線導向的經驗運用到他們國家。
"What we are seeing in these countries," said Jane Wales, president of the Global Philanthropy Forum, "are people emerging from the private sector with tremendous wealth who are attracted to highly strategic philanthropy."
「全球慈善論壇」總裁珍．威爾斯說：「從這些國家，我們看到一群從私人企業崛起、身懷巨富的金主，他們深為高度策略性公益事業吸引。」
In Turkey, Mr. Ozyegin, who is 62 and has a net worth of $3.5 billion, did not secure his wealth by buying gov-ernment assets on the cheap or by be-longing to a rich family that controls a monopoly — two traditional routes to great wealth in the developing world. The founder of a midtier corporate bank called Finansbank, he cashed in on a rush of interest by foreign financial in-stitutions in Turkish banks last year and sold a controlling stake in his bank to the National Bank of Greece, receiving $2.7 billion in cash.
土耳其62歲的歐齊金資產淨值35億美元，他的財富並非來自低價購買政府資產或出身掌控獨占事業的富豪之家，這也是開發中世界兩大傳統致富途徑。他原是土耳其一家中小型銀行Finansbank創辦人，去年當外國金融機構一窩蜂搶購土耳其銀行之際，他把銀行控股賣給希臘國民銀行，大賺一筆，27億美元現金落袋。
Flush with money and ambition, he is doing all that he can to lift Turkish ed-ucational standards at the primary and university level.
荷包滿滿，加上強烈的企圖心，促使他卯足全力提升土耳其的小學和大學的教育水平。
He typically works 11-hour days, not solely from his suite of offices but also from his car, plane or boat, checking in on his far-flung operations in Turkey as well as Russia, Romania and China. "I'm first generation, that gives me satis-faction," he said. "Getting to the top is not so easy; staying there is more diffi-cult."
基本上他每天工作11小時，不只從辦公室，也從車上、機上或船上，隨時監控分布遍及土耳其、俄羅斯、羅馬尼亞和中國的事業營運。「我是第一代，爬上頂峰不易，守成更難。」
As a businessman, his frequent inter-action with Southeast Asia, China and Russia has impressed upon him the need for Turks to become more competitive in today's global economy. "The most important problem that Turkey has is e-ducation," he said.
身為企業家，他和東南亞、中國及俄羅斯互動頻繁，他深感土耳其人在今天的全球化經濟中要加強競爭力。「土耳其當務之急是教育，」他說。
He cites the rapid increase of applica-tions to Harvard Business School from Chinese and Indian students. Turkey sends only four to eight students a year, said Ozyegin. Beyond his public school investments, Ozyegin has plans to spend up to $1 billion over the next 15 years on a new private university, to be called Ozyegin University. "My vision is that we can train and export people like In-dia does……. I want Turkey to have the same education levels as Europe 25 years from now," he said.
他指出，中國和印度申請上哈佛商學院的學生激增，但歐齊金說，土耳其每年只有4到8個學生上哈佛。除了投資公立學校，歐齊金計畫未來15年投入10億美元辦一所新大學，取名歐齊金大學。「我的願景是像印度一樣培訓和出口人才。……我希望土耳其25年後教育水平可以追上歐洲，」他說。（取材自紐時時報）