Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the presidential sister who founded the Special Olympics and helped demonstrate that the mentally disabled can triumph on the field of competition and lead productive lives outside the walls of institutions, died Aug. 11 at age 88.
尤妮絲‧甘迺迪‧薛佛以總統胞妹的身分創辦了特殊奧運，並協助證明智障者也能在競技場獲勝，同時在療養院高牆外過著豐富多采的生活，她8月11日去世，享年88。
She was the sister of President John F. Kennedy and
Sen. Robert F. Kennedy; the wife of 1972 vice presidential candidate R. Sargent Shriver; the mother of former NBC newswoman Maria Shriver; and the mother-in-law of California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger.
她是美國前總統約翰‧甘迺迪和參議員羅伯‧甘迺迪的胞妹，也是1972年副總統候選人薛佛的妻子，同時也是前NBC女主播瑪莉亞‧薛佛的母親、加州州長阿諾史瓦辛格的岳母。
Shriver was credited with helping to bring the mentally disabled into the mainstream and transforming America's view of them from institutionalized patients to friends, neighbors and athletes.
尤妮絲‧甘迺迪‧薛佛最為人津津樂道的是協助引領弱智者進入主流社會，並改變美國人對他們的觀感：從療養院裡的病患，成為朋友、鄰居和運動員。
Her efforts were inspired in part by the struggles of her mentally disabled sister, Rosemary, who was given a lobotomy at age 23 and spent the rest of her life in an institution. At the time, those with mental retardation were often a secret source of shame to their families and were quietly put away in institutions.
她的計畫部分得力於弱智胞姊蘿絲瑪麗‧甘迺迪痛苦掙扎的啟發。蘿絲瑪麗23歲那年動腦葉切除術，並在一家療養院度過餘生。當時智障者往往被家人視為見不得人的恥辱，多半悄悄送到精神病院。
Shriver revealed her sister's condition to the nation during her brother's presidency in a 1962 article for the Saturday Evening Post. “The truth is that 75 to 85 percent of the retarded are capable of becoming useful citizens with the help of special education and rehabilitation,” Shriver wrote. “Another 10 percent can learn to make small contributions, not involving book learning, such as mowing a lawn or washing dishes.”
薛佛在她哥哥當總統任內，於1962年在《星期六晚郵報》撰文，披露姊姊的病情。薛佛寫道：「事情的真相是：在特殊教育和復健協助下，75%到85%弱智者能成為有用的公民；另外10%可以學可以做出不涉及書本學習的微小貢獻，像除草或洗盤子。」
Realizing they were far more capable of playing sports than the experts said, Shriver in 1968 started what would become the world's largest athletic competition for the mentally disabled. The first Special Olympics--a two-day event in Chicago--drew more than 1,000 participants from 26 states and Canada. Now more than 3 million athletes in more than 160 countries participate in Special Olympics. The games have given rise to countless uplifting stories of success against great odds.
當她認清，他們比專家說的更有能力做各種運動時，薛佛於1968年發起日後成為世上最大型智障者的運動競技。第一屆特殊奧運在芝加哥舉行兩天，吸引全美26州和加拿大上千名弱智者參賽。今天，來自160餘國的300多萬運動員參加特殊奧運，這些運動競賽也產生無數克服重重難關、激勵人心的故事。
“She believed that people with intellectual disabilities could--individually and collectively--achieve more than anyone thought possible. This much she knew with unbridled faith and certainty,”said her son Timothy Shriver, chairman of the Special Olympics.
「她相信，不管是個人還是團體，智障者可以超越任何人認為可能締造的成績，她對這點認識深信不疑，從不動搖，」她的兒子、國際特殊奧運會主席提摩西‧薛佛說。
President Barack Obama said Shriver will be remembered as “as a champion for people with intellectual disabilities, and as an extraordinary woman who, as much as anyone, taught our nation--and our world--that no physical or mental barrier can restrain the power of the human spirit.”
歐巴馬總統表示，世人將牢記，薛佛「是捍衛弱智者權益的鬥士，也是位卓越的女性，一如其他人，她教美國人乃至於全世界，沒有任何身體或智能障礙，足以壓制人類的精神力量。」
Former Special Olympics athlete Kester Edwards credited Shriver and the games with helping him “find a place.”“Shriver wasn't making cars, she wasn't selling houses, she was changing human lives,” said Edwards, 35, who works as an athlete coordinator at Special Olympics headquarters in Washington and was an athlete from 1981 to 1999. “She taught me to accept me as I am.”
前特殊奧運運動員愛德華茲表示，他之所以能「找到自己的定位」，要歸功於薛佛和特奧的幫助。「薛佛不製造汽車也不賣房子，但她改變了人類的生活，」35歲的愛德華茲1981到1999年曾參加特奧，目前是總部在華府的特殊奧運委員會運動員協調人。
Shriver was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, the fifth of nine children to Joseph P. Kennedy. She earned a sociology degree from Stanford University in 1943. Her sister Rosemary learned to read and write with the help of special tutors and for a while had a lively social life of tea dances and trips to Europe. She and Eunice used to swim and sail together.
薛佛出生於麻州布魯克蘭鎮，在約瑟夫‧甘迺迪九個子女中排行第五，並於1943年拿到史丹福大學社會學學位。她姊姊蘿絲瑪麗在特殊教育導師協助下學會讀寫，有一陣子過著活躍的社交生活，參加下午茶舞會，並到歐洲旅行。她和尤妮絲曾一起游泳、玩風帆。
But as Rosemary got older, her father worried his daughter's condition would lead her into situations that could damage the family's reputation, and he authorized a lobotomy in the hope of calming her mood swings. She ended up in worse condition and lived out the rest of her days in an institution, dying in 2005.
但蘿絲瑪麗漸漸長大，她父親擔心女兒的病情可能有辱門楣，下令進行腦葉切除手術，希望能穩定她起伏很大的情緒，不意病情惡化，終其一生，住在療養院中，直到2005年過世。
Shriver said: “If I never met Rosemary, never knew anything about handicapped children, how would I have ever found out Because nobody accepted them anyplace. So where would you find out Unless you had one in your own family.”
薛佛說：「如果我和蘿絲瑪麗素昧平生，對殘障兒童一無所知，怎麼可能深入了解這個問題？因為世界任何地方都沒有人願意接納他們，試問你怎麼發掘問題？除非你家裡有人弱智。」
In 1962, Shriver began what became the forerunner of the Special Olympics when she opened a summer camp for mentally retarded children at her home in Maryland. The idea was born when a mother telephoned her and complained that she could not find a summer camp for her retarded child. For years, Camp Shriver provided physical activity for developmentally challenged children, and Shriver took a hands-on role, even jumping into the pool to give swimming lessons.
1962年，薛佛成為特殊奧運的先驅，她在馬里蘭州老家為智障兒童辦了個夏令營，這發想於一位母親打電話給她，抱怨她那弱智的孩子找不到夏令營可去。多年來，薛佛夏令營提供發展遲緩兒童體能活動，薛佛親自督導，甚至跳入游泳池教遲緩兒游泳。
The late senator Edward Kennedy said many of the activities at the camp were based on games the family had played with Rosemary on camping trips to western Massachusetts when they were growing up. Shriver’s family said in a statement, “She set out to change the world and to change us. She taught us by example and with passion what it means to live a faith-driven life of love and service to others.”
甫過世的愛德華‧甘迺迪參議員曾說，夏令營中很多活動，濫觴於甘家人在孩子成長過程中到麻州西部露營旅行時和蘿絲瑪麗一起玩的遊戲。薛佛家人在一項聲明中說：「她著手改變世界，也改變了我們。她以身作則，熱心教我們如何過個充滿愛心、靠信念驅策的生活，造福人群。」
Honorary chairperson of the Special Olympics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, smiles during a Special Olympics global law enforcement torch run ceremony in the Rose Garden of the White House in Washington in this July 26, 2007 file photo.
特殊奧運榮譽會長尤妮絲‧甘迺迪‧薛佛在這張2007年（路透）檔案照中，在華府白宮玫瑰園特殊奧運慶祝火炬慈善賽跑典禮中展顏歡笑。