5. Right Livelihood正命

This means to have an appropriate economic life; in other words, to have a righteous means of making a living in order to satisfy our daily necessities. For example, refrain from operating gambling houses, pubs, slaughterhouses, fishing gear shops, firearm shops, human or drug trafficking. Other than the above, a noble and moral life, a harmonious social life, and purified love relationships are also examples of right livelihood.

6. Right Effort正精進

1)Also known as right diligence. Diligence means well-or-dered and unretreating progress; and it also means an endeavor to do good and severe evil. In the Prajna-paramita-sastra（大智度論）, the Four Right Exertions（四正勤） are regarded as the goal of being diligent: 1) Give rise to goodness where there is none（未生善令生起）; 2) Foster goodness where there is some（已生善令增長）; 3) Not give rise to evil where there is none（未生惡令不生）; 4) Stop evil where there is some（已生惡令除滅）

7. Right Mindfulness正念

1)This means pure and righteous thoughts, which is also the Four Stages of Mindfulness （四念處）as taught by the Bud-dha to his disciples before entering nirvana: 1) Contemplating the body as impure（觀身不淨）; 2) Contemplating that per-ception always leads to sufferin（觀受是苦）; 3) Contemplat-ing the mind as impermanent（觀心無常）; 4) Contemplating that all phenomena are non-substantia（觀法無我）.

Through the Four Stages of Mindfulness, we are able to gain an insight to the truths of suffering, emptiness and imperma-nence, and thereby attain true nirvana（涅槃）, a state eter-nity, bliss, self and purity（常樂我淨）.

8. Right Concentration正定

This means to focus and concentrate one’s mind through appropriate methods of meditation（禪修）, one that is not restricted to only sitting-meditation, so as to remain mindful of one’s mental and physical activities and cultivate a character close to perfection. Any meditational practices that enables a light and stable body and mind, focused thoughts, transforma-tion of ignorance（無明） into enlightenment（開悟）, and inspires one’s Buddha nature can be regarded as right con-centration.

The Eightfold Noble Path embodies the essential factors of faith and morality. Not only is it a path that leads to buddha-hood（佛道）, it is also the essential guidelines of a moral hu-man life. Therefore, it is a path that can be followed by anyone, through which spiritual practices and experiences of the Dhar-ma can be accomplished.