Argentine mothers' march for justice 阿根廷母親為正義而走

 |2007.06.02
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Thirty years ago, a small group of mothers whose children had been seized by the military government then in power in Argentina began walking in circles in the main square in Buenos Aires.

卅年前,由於孩子被當時執政的阿根廷軍政府抓走,一小群媽媽開始在布宜諾艾利斯大廣場繞圈子遊行抗議。

Their children - teenagers and young adults - had been taken by government agents to illegal detention centres. There was no record of their arrest; many of them have never been seen since.

那些被政府情治幹員帶走的孩子,多半是青少年及年輕人,他們被關在非法拘禁中心,但他們被捕沒有留下紀錄,他們當中很多人從此不見人影。

They were some of the estimated 30,000 Argentines who became known as the disappeared, killed by the ruthless military government that held power between 1976 and 1983.

他們是約三萬名失蹤的阿根廷人中的一部分,據悉他們是被1976到1983年掌權的殘暴軍政府殺害。 The mothers have been marking the 30 years since they took those first desperate steps with a series of events in Buenos Aires and the rest of Argentina.

為了記念她們最初採取那些絕望的步驟卅年,這些媽媽在布宜諾艾利斯和阿根廷其他地方舉辦一連串活動。

And they are marching still, every Thursday afternoon outside the government palace in the Plaza de Mayo. They wear headscarves which bear the names of their loved ones and carry photographs.

她們至今每星期四下午仍在梅耶廣場上的總統府外面遊行,她們頭綁頭巾,上面有他們最愛的人的名字,手上還拿著照片。

They say they still don't have the answers to all their questions and they want the killers and torturers to be tried and put behind bars.

她們說,她們所有的問題,至今無解,她們要求審判及囚禁那些兇手和刑求的人。

The women became known as the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo and are now a major force in Argentine politics, with a message and an influence that have spread around the world.

這些女人以「梅約廣場媽媽」聞名,如今已成阿根廷政治一股主要的力量,她們的訴求和影響已散播到全世界。

Other groups grew from the Mothers: the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo who search for their grandchildren, taken from their murdered parents and given for adoption to childless police or military couples.

從廣場媽媽衍生出其他團體,包括梅約廣場奶奶,她們要找回因父母被謀殺而被沒有子女的軍警夫婦收養的孩子。

They estimate that several hundred were taken and have so far traced more than 80 and reunited them with their real families.

他們估計,有好幾百人被帶走,迄今已找到80多人,並已和親生家人團聚。

Then there are the Hijos - the children of the disappeared who work together to demand justice for the kidnapping and killing of parents.

此外,還有失蹤者子女所組成的Hijos組織,他們共同努力,要求就綁架和殺害父母討回公道。

One of the founders of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo and its current president is Hebe de Bonafini. Two of her children were taken by the military. She has become a high-profile figure, working closely with the current Argentine president, Nestor Kirchner, and travelling the world in her fight for justice. She's a friend of Cuba's Fidel Castro and the president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, among others.

「梅耶廣場媽媽」創始人之一希比.德邦納菲尼是該組織總裁,她兩個孩子被軍方帶走。她變成一個倍受矚目的人物,和阿根廷現任總統基希納密切合作,並走遍世界,為正義而戰。她往來包括古巴總統卡斯楚、委內瑞拉總統查維茲等。

Sitting in the office of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo near the Congress building in Buenos Aires, she spoke of the early days of the organisation. "We kept learning and growing, each day getting a little stronger," she said. "And the more pressure they put on us, the stronger we grew. They kidnapped three of our members in 1977 and we came back. They destroyed our headquarters and we came back. We're a different organisation now but I never would have dreamed that all those things would have happened."

坐在位於布宜諾艾利斯國會大廈附近的梅耶廣場辦公室,她談起這個組織草創期。「我們不斷學習成長,每天壯大一點,」她說。「他們愈向我們施壓,我們愈強大。1977年,他們綁走我們三名成員,我們還是要回來。他們搗毀我們的總部,我們還是要回來。如今我們這個組織已不可同日而語,但我想都不敢想會發生那些事。」

Shortly after the return of democracy in Argentina in 1983, the military leaders and those who worked for them who had been found guilty and sentenced were given a pardon by the government.

阿根廷1983年回歸民主後不久,那些被定罪判刑的軍方領袖及其手下得到政府特赦。

Men with blood on their hands were allowed to go free and lead their lives as though nothing had happened. The escrache is designed not to let that happen.

雙手沾滿血腥的凶手重獲自由,日子照過,好像什麼事也沒發生。示威活動就是不願坐視那種事發生。

Neighbours are informed about who they're living next to, slogans are daubed on walls and the road, posters of the victims taped to lampposts.

鄰居被告知,凶手就住在隔壁,牆上和馬路上塗滿口號,街燈柱上也張貼著受害人的海報。

After many years in which successive democratic governments in Argentina either could not or would not seek justice for the dark years of military rule, there are now strong moves by President Kirchner to find answers and put some of the killers and torturers in prison.

阿根廷一連幾任民主政府,多年來不願或不能就軍事統治的黑暗期尋求正義,現任總統基希納採取強勢行動,要找到答案,再把一些凶手和刑求者下獄。

Many ordinary Argentines also found it difficult to deal with a past which was often easier or more convenient to forget.

很多阿根廷老百姓也發現,很難面對過去,遺忘往往比較容易或方便。

Many of the culprits have died and those who haven't are old.

何況很多罪魁禍首死的死、老的老。

But the fight for justice in Argentina goes on and the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo keep marching.

但阿根廷將繼續為正義而戰,而梅耶廣場媽媽也將繼續走下去。

They, too, are old. But they're joined now every Thursday by supporters of all ages, foreign tourists, other human rights groups and passers-by to carry a powerful message.

她們也垂垂老矣,但現在每周四有不同年齡的支持者加入;外國遊客、其他人權團體和行人也傳達強烈的訴求。



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