Newspapers and magazines are mushrooming in Libya's rebel capital Benghazi where a new generation of media entrepreneurs, unshackled from government censorship, is thriving.

在利比亞反抗軍首都班加西，新一代媒體企業家在政府去除枷鎖不再箝制言論自由後，報章雜誌如雨後春筍般林立，蓬勃發展。

The son of Fathi al-Jahmy, a prominent pro-democracy Libyan dissident who died after going into a coma while in solitary confinement, is chipping into Panorama, a multi-lingual weekly newspaper, as its political reporter. “My father had many principles that I hope to advance,” said Ahmed al-Jahmy.

利比亞支持民主的知名異議人士法特希．艾賈米，被單獨囚禁昏迷死亡後，他兒子加入《萬象》這個多語周報，成為政治記者。阿邁德．艾賈米說：「我父親有很多理念，我希望可以幫他實現。」

Jahmy, a young man in jeans and black T-shirt, looked around nervously during an interview, unconvinced that the prized new-found freedom is a given. “Don't speak so loudly, you just don't know,” he reprimanded his colleague Ziad who had launched into an analysis on whether there was a real risk of fundamentalism gaining ground in a practising but moderate Muslim society.

賈米是個身穿牛仔褲和黑色Ｔ恤的青年，他在接受採訪時緊張地四處張望，不相信這種難能可貴新發現的自由已經是既定事實。「別那麼高談闊論，誰也不知道！」他斥責他的同事齊亞德，後者正在分析，在現行溫和的穆斯林社會中，基本教義派是否真有可能抬頭。

The main papers before Libya's second city became the opposition's bastion -- the self-dubbed “Free Libya” -- were government newspaper Akhbar Benghazi and Al-Qurayna, under the grip of Kadhafi's son Seif al-Islam. “The press before was all by Kadhafi and making him look like an angel,” said Miehad Mahana, 20, an engineering and architecture student turned English editor. “Now we can say whatever we want and we want the world to hear us: we don't want Kadhafi. We win or we die. We want to show the world the brave Libya that is willing to die to be free,” she added.

在利比亞第二大城班加西成為反抗軍自稱「自由利比亞」這個據點之前，最大報是官方出版的《班加西消息報》和Al-Qurayna，全在格達費的兒子賽義夫牢牢掌控下。20歲的蜜哈德．馬漢那是工程建築系學生轉當英文編輯。她說：「媒體過去幾乎全由格達費掌控，因此都把他美化為天使的樣子。現在我們可以暢所欲言，我們希望全世界可以聽到我們的聲音：我們不要格達費。我們一定要贏，否則死路一條。我們希望向全世界展示，勇敢的利比亞願意為自由而死。」

Panorama launches its second edition on May 3, the fruit of 22 young Libyans, men and women under 30, who worked countless hours to produce a publication containing articles in Arabic, English, French and Italian. The first 2,000 copies cost them “575 dinars exactly,” which the team itself paid, meaning they will eventually have to put a price on what is now a free weekly or find sympathetic financing. “We want to show the real Libya... the poverty despite oil profits and all the problems that are a fall-out from Kadhafi: the high unemployment, the corruption, our polluted coastline,” said Ziad.

《萬象》周報於5月3日推出第二期，這是利比亞22名30歲以下的年輕男女通力合作的成果，他們投入無數時間出版這份刊物，包括阿拉伯文、英文、法文和義大利文版。第一批2000份刊物整整花了「575第納爾」（利比亞貨幣，約台幣13,700元），由這支團隊自行支付，這意味著他們終將被迫把現在免費的刊物標價販售，或找到同情並支持他們的金主出資。齊亞德說：「我們要揭開利比亞的真面目……儘管有石油收入民生疾苦等所有其他問題，這都是格達費的缺失：高失業率、腐敗、海岸汙染。」

The collapse of censorship, he said, opened many doors. But social norms still set some barriers“When a woman is taking the picture it is more comfortable for women because of our culture and religion but some still do not accept to be photographed and we respect that,” explained Rona Issam Quleissa, 21, the team's photographer.

他並說，新聞審檢制無疾而終，打開了很多扇門。但社會規範仍設下一些障礙。該刊21歲的攝影師羅娜．奎雷沙說：「由於文化和宗教因素，如由女人拍照，被拍的婦女會比較自在，但有些女人仍不願被拍照，我們也表示尊重。」

Libya is witnessing the rise of a new generation of media entrepreneurs. Their efforts are impressing an older generation of intellectuals, who still recall their own secretive student meetings underscored by the fear that Kadhafi's revolutionary committees would eavesdrop or barge in to blow them up.

利比亞正目睹新一代媒體企業家崛起，他們的努力使老一輩知識分子印象深刻，這些老人還記得自己學生時代的祕密聚會，當時深恐格達費革命委員會竊聽或闖入把他們一網打盡。

“Anyone can start a newspaper now, but most people doing this are young, and that's a real pleasure to see,” said Ramadan Jabrou, a Benghazi-based lawyer and writer. “There is a sense of initiative, Never mind the materials -- they are doing it,” said writer and diplomat Idris Tayeb Lamin. “Before the revolution I don't think I saw my son read a newspaper once, but now he leaves home at eight in the morning and comes back at one the next morning because he's working on a magazine.”

班加西律師兼作家賈布洛說：「現在人人可以辦報，但真正去做的人大半很年輕，實在令人欣慰。」作家兼外交家拉明則說：「有一種主動積極性，不管什麼題材，他們無不全力以赴。革命前，我從沒見過我兒子看報，現在他早上8點離開家，第二天凌晨1點回家，因為他在一家雜誌社上班。」

His son Yussef works for Ashab (Friends), a 32-page color magazine written in the Libyan dialect by young people for young people, covering a range of topics from the serious to the light-hearted. “We write in dialect and slang so that people can relate to it because people were sick of the formal language of the regime,” said Yussef. Most of the magazine's 16 staff were born between 1986 and 1994. “There's a blast of motivation and ambition to meet our goals,” said Mohammed Bozeid, 23, the editor. The splash headline they hope to see on the next edition's cover? “The fall of Kadhafi.”

兒子尤塞夫為名為《朋友》的32頁彩色雜誌工作，這是一本年輕人以利比亞方言為年輕人編寫的刊物，主題從嚴肅到輕鬆，無所不包。尤塞夫說：「我們用方言和俚語寫作，使人產生認同感，因為大家已經厭倦八股的官腔官調。」該刊16名工作人員大半在1986至1994年出生。23 歲的編輯波柴德說：「有種爆炸性的動機和企圖心要達成我們的目標。」至於他們希望下期封面大標題是什麼？「格達費垮台。」

Photo shows Libyan students-turned journalists working on a story at a newly established multilingual weekly newspaper office in Benghazi on May 2, 2011.

圖為利比亞學生出身的記者今年5月2日在班加西一家新發行的多語周刊忙著發稿。圖／法新社