【文言】(Classical Chinese)
有子曰:「其為人也孝弟,而好犯上者,鮮矣。不好犯上,而好作亂者,未之有也。君子務本,本立而道生。孝弟也者,其為仁之本與!」
【章旨】
有子敘述孝悌為仁道的根本。
【白話】(Vernacular Chinese)
有子說:「能夠孝順父母、友愛兄弟,卻喜歡冒犯長輩或上司的人,很少見。不喜歡冒犯長輩或上司,卻喜歡擾亂社會秩序的人,並未見過。有品德修養的人講求根本的道理,根本的道理建立了,自然的天理就產生。孝順父母、友愛兄弟,大概是實踐仁道的根本吧!」
【英譯】
Yu Tzu said, “It is rarely the case that he who practices filial piety toward his parents and conceives a fraternal love for his brothers takes to offending his elders or superiors. It never occurs that he who loathes offending his elders or superiors cares for disturbing social order. A gentleman is particular about the radical principle. Once the radical principle is set up, the natural principle will come into being. It is probably the fundamentals of implementing benevolent virtue that one practices filial piety toward his parents and conceives fraternal love for his brothers!”
【單字】
rarely adv. 罕見的
case n. 實情;真相;事例;病例;案件;論據
practice vt. 實行;傳授;練習;以…為業
filial adj. 孝順的;子女的;世代的
piety n. 孝順;虔誠;恭敬;忠誠
toward prep. 對;對於;朝向;關於
conceive vt. 心中懷有;表達;想像;想出;懷(孕)
fraternal adj. 友愛的;兄弟的;如兄弟的
offend vt. 冒犯;觸怒;得罪;傷…感情
elder n. 長輩;前輩;祖先
superior n. 上司;長官;前輩
occur vi. 發生;出現;想到;想起
loathe vt. 不喜歡;厭惡
disturb vt. 擾亂;妨害;使不安
social adj. 社會的;社交的;懇親的;群居的
order n. 秩序;順序;命令;常態;階級
gentleman n. 君子;紳士
particular adj. 挑剔的;講究的;特別的
radical adj. 根本的;基本的;急進的;生來的
principle n. 道理;原理;原則
natural adj. 自然的;天生的;不做作的
being n. 存在;生存;生命;生物;人;神
fundamental n.(pl.)根本;基本;基礎;原則
benevolent adj. 仁慈的;慈善的
virtue n. 德;德行;美德;貞操;優點;功能