●mortifying a. 慚愧萬分、尷尬異常的
Due to his underestimation, Marshal Bush met his mortifying defeat in the decisive battle after most of his men were mowed down in an ambush.
布希元帥在那關鍵戰役中遭到奇恥大敗,旗下絕大多數士兵在一次敵軍伏擊中被殺。
"mow down"是「(特別指多人被)殘殺」。
●maroon v. 擯黜、放逐某人(於荒島等地),使其孤立無援、無法逃走。
Napoleon was exiled, but not really marooned, to the desolate island of Elba. He escaped from Elba nine months later.
拿破崙被貶逐到荒涼的俄爾巴島上,但未能防止他逃脫──九個月後他逃離該島。
●descend on/upon(指一班人)突襲、突擊
Before descending on the enemy's barracks, the armed forces did a dummy run lest their plan be frustrated.
軍隊在突襲敵方軍營前,先進行了一次演練,以免計畫受阻。
"descend on/upon",其義與"raid(突襲)"或"make a raid on/upon"類同。"lest"是連接詞(conjuction),作「以免、唯恐」解。
●hold out(在困境下)抵抗、支撐、堅持
How long can they hold out the long-drawn-out attacks of the guerilla after their military supplies peter out
他們在軍需品逐漸耗盡後,可以抵禦游擊隊的持久攻擊多久?
"peter out"不是寫成大寫的人名"Peter"(彼得),它作動詞用,指「逐漸衰微、消失」。 在此也可順帶提一提短語"meet sb's Waterloo"(某人徹底大敗、慘敗)。
"Waterloo" 指一八一五年反法聯軍大敗法國拿破崙(Napoleon)的「滑鐵盧(Waterloo)之戰」,是歷史上重要戰役,連帶英語也出現與拿破崙有關的用語,是歷史影響語言之一例。筆者也想起,一八一四年他被放逐到俄爾巴島(Elba)時,那知名的迴文句(palindrome):"Able was I ere I saw Elba",譯家許淵沖將之翻成「不到俄島我不倒」,妙哉!