2）The Realm of Human Beings  人
In this realm, some humans are enjoying happiness, some are suffering, some are ac-tively cultivating themselves spiritually, while some are conducting acts of evil. The realm of human beings includes both happiness and suffering. While humans continue to shift be-tween joy and suffering, this realm is actually the most ideal place for spiritual cultivation. The fact that Buddha was born, and attained enlightenment in this realm makes it the most celebrated place of all.

3）The Realm of Asuras   阿修羅
Asuras are deities or demigods who are fond of fighting. While they may be considered a type of deity, they are not as meritorious as those in the realm of heaven. Asuras exist in all realms, and can be found everywhere.

4）The Realm of Animals  畜生
Animals has the greatest variety of species, some can fly in the air, some walk on the ground, some swim about in the water, and some crawl underground. Buddhism catego-rizes animals according to the number of legs they have; for example, legless earthworms, two-legged birds, four-legged beasts, and multi-legged insects. In general, animals have a very short lifespan and are not intelligent beings. They kill each other, feed on each other, and the strong prey on the weak. Live-stock such as horses and cattle even have to depend on human beings to survive; they get whipped and driven around, and may be killed at their owner’ will, which can be really pitiful and sad.

【Keywords： 關鍵字】

1.suffering痛苦
2.Spiritual cultivation 修行
3.Enlightenment 開悟